The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States 中国新石器时代 pdf 在线 2025 epub 免费 书籍 下载

The Yellow River valley of China, during the period ca. 7000-1500, saw the transformation of egalitarian societies into stratified chiefdoms giving rise to early states. This book examines that transformation, emphasising the interplay of many factors affecting these processes, such as climatic fluctuation, population movements, inter-group competition, warfare, and long-distance exchange of valuables. This book contains detailed archaeological data and general theoretical paradigms. It offers a comprehensive reconstruction of developmental trajectories toward social complexity during the Neolithic period, and locates prehistoric China within a global framework of social evolution.

List of illustrations

List of tables

Preface

1 Setting the scene

Constructing the Longshan culture in archaeology

Longshan culture and constructing national history

Evolutionary approaches to the study of Longshan culture

Alternative research strategies

The scope of the book

2 The changing environmental contexts of China's first

complex societies

Geographic settings

Reconstruction of paleoenvironment and cultural development

Conclusion

3 Household subsistence and ritual

Introduction

Household activities: a general survey

A household at Kangjia

Implications of Kangjia archaeological remains

Conclusions

4 Spatial organization and social relations in communities

Introduction

Spatial orders of settlements in the Neolithic period

Settlement organization in the late Neolithic period

Discussion and conclusions

5 Community burial patterns

Introduction

Alternative approaches to Neolithic burial patterns

Regional variability in burial patterns

Discussion

Conclusion

6 Development and decline of complex societies in the Central Plains

Introduction

Methods

Data

Regional settlement patterns

Social complexity in the less-circumscribed regions

Settlement patterns and social organization

Discussion and conclusions

7 Development and decline of social complexity beyond the Central Plains

Introduction

Regional settlement patterns in Shandong

Regional settlement patterns in Central Shaanxi

Settlement patterns and social organization: a comparison

Discussion and conclusions

8 Trajectories toward early states

Introduction: from chiefdoms to states

The Erlitou culture - searching for the Xia dynasty

The Proto-Shang culture

Conclusions

9 Reconstructing social processes

Introduction

Development of social hierarchy and integration

Dynamics of social change

Conclusions and further research questions

Notes

Appendixes

References

Index

Li Liu is Sir Robert Ho Tung Professor in Chinese Archaeology in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at Stanford University, California.

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作者简介

　　Li Liu is Senior Lecturer in Archaeology at La Trobe University. She has published various articles on the Chinese Neolithic and is the author of State Formation in Early China (with Xingcan Chen) (Duckworth, 2003).

书籍介绍

This book studies the formation of complex societies in prehistoric China during the Neolithic and early state periods, c. 7000-1500 BC. Archaeological materials are interpreted through anthropological perspectives, using systematic analytic methods in settlement and burial patterns. Both agency and process are considered in the development of chiefdoms and in the emergence of early states in the Yellow River region. Interrelationships between factors such as mortuary practice, craft specialization, ritual activities, warfare, exchange of elite goods, climatic fluctuations, and environmental changes are emphasized. This study offers a critical evaluation of current archaeological data from Chinese sources, and argues that, although some general tendencies are noted, social changes were affected by multiple factors in no pre-determined sequence. In this most comprehensive study to date, Li Liu attempts to reconstruct developmental trajectories toward early states in Chinese civilization and discusses theoretical implications of Chinese archaeology for the understanding of social evolution.