罗马帝国衰亡史（全十册） [英]爱德华·吉本【正版书籍】 pdf 在线 2025 epub 免费 书籍 下载

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章 -罗马帝国在安东尼时代的军事和疆域

第二章 -罗马帝国在安东尼时代内政修明物阜民康

第三章 -罗马帝国在安东尼时代的政治架构

第四章 -康茂德残酷而暴虐的愚行

第五章 -军纪的废弛 -政府的新措施

第六章 -赛维鲁病逝 -卡拉卡拉的暴政 -马克里努斯篡位 -罗马帝国的财政和税务

第七章 -马克西明即位与其暴政

第八章 -阿尔塔薛西斯重建王朝后帝国之状况

第九章 -从德西乌斯皇帝在位到蛮族入侵，此一时期的日耳曼情势

第十章 -蛮族入侵 -三十僭主

第十一章 -克劳狄当政 -击败哥特人 -奥勒良的胜利、凯旋和死亡

第十二章 -奥勒良逝世后军队和元老院的作为 -塔西佗、普罗布斯、卡鲁斯及其子相继为帝

第十三章 -戴克里先当政及其三位同僚马克西米安、伽勒里乌斯和君士坦提乌斯

第十四章 -戴克里先逊位后产生纷扰 -君士坦丁重新统一帝国

第十五章 -基督教的发展及早期教会的风格、作为、数量和状况

第十六章 -从尼禄当政直到君士坦丁统一天下，罗马政府在此一时期对基督教的作为

第十七章　君士坦丁堡奠基　君士坦丁的政治体系及其成就　

第十八章　君士坦丁的性格作风高卢战争　君士坦丁崩殂　帝国分由三个儿子统治　

第十九章　君士坦提乌斯独自称帝　加卢斯之死　

第二十章　君士坦丁改变信仰的动机、经过及影响　

第二十一章　异教受到迫害　多纳图斯教派的分裂　阿里乌斯的宗教争论　

第二十二章 -尤里安在高卢被军队拥立为帝进军获得成功　

第二十三章　尤里安的宗教信仰　一视同仁的宽容作风　企图恢复异教的多神崇拜　

第二十四章　尤里安进驻安条克　远征的成就　

第二十五章　约维安的统治与崩殂　

第二十六章　游牧民族的生活方式　

爱德华·吉本（EdwardGibbon，737─794），英国历史学家、作家，十八世纪欧洲启蒙时代的代表人物。出生于伦敦附近的普特尼，父亲是国会议员，他是家中独子。其家境殷实。据其追记，其家族自4世纪时开始持有土地资本，而后家族历代先人辗转伦敦，从事商业贸易，积蓄甚厚。至6世纪后期，其远祖已跻身于英国上流社会的中上阶层，并获缙绅称号。其5岁时，就读于牛津大学莫德林学院，因为对世界历史怀有很浓的兴趣，所以在此期间悉数博览了关于阿拉伯、、蒙古和突厥史的英文著作。这些历史古籍为他后来的写作提供了坚实的资料储备。763年，他前往欧洲大陆旅游，在巴黎结识了狄德罗，也去了罗马，764年他在罗马废墟上，开始有写作罗马帝国史的念头。772年，他开始写作《罗马帝国衰亡史》。776年，卷出版。取得了巨大的成功，其受欢迎程度用洛阳纸贵形容不为过，他的书出现每张桌子上，乃至于上流社会仕女的妆台。吉本也一夜成名，受到英国艺文界的追捧。788年，他完成了《罗马帝国衰亡史》的全部书稿，盛誉满天下。794年，他在伦敦去世。《罗马帝国衰亡史》自出版以来多次再版，至今仍是研究古罗马和欧洲历史的重要典籍，吉本也由此奠定了他在史学界泰斗的地位。译者 席代岳939年生于湖南，后移居，因家境困难在入伍。959年进入陆军军官学校第32期学习，后在三军大学及美国犹他州立大学进修，在军中历任连长、营长、炮兵指挥官、署长、总部参谋长等职，亦曾在炮兵学校及三军大学任教多年，对战史深有研究，998年提前退休。退役后投入文字工作，译作有《西泽战记》、《鏖斗的年代———94至975年的美越关系》、《战争的罪行》、《非洲游猎记》、《罗马帝国衰亡史》、《罗马名人传》等。

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。。。专制体制刻意摧毁共和精神，使人民变成政治侏儒，一群政治侏儒如何能支撑一个伟大的帝国。

WHENEVER Tacitus indulges himself in those beautiful episodes, in which he relates some domestic transaction of the Germans or of the Parthians, his principal object is to relieve the attention of the reader from a uniform scene of vice and misery. From the reign of Augustus to the time of Alexander Severus, the enemies of Rome were in her bosom; the tyrants, and the soldiers; and her prosperity had a very distant and feeble interest in the revolutions that might happen beyond the Rhine and the Euphrates. But when the military order had levelled, in wild anarchy, the power of the prince, the laws of the senate, and even the discipline of the camp, the barbarians of the north and of the east, who had long hovered on the frontier, boldly attacked the provinces of a declining monarchy. Their ...

Artaxerxes had served with great reputation in the armies of Artaban, the last king of the Parthians, and it appears that he was driven into exile and rebellion by royal ingratitude, the customary reward for superior merit. His birth was obscure, and the obscurity equally gave room to the aspersions of his enemies and the flattery of his adherents. If we credit the scandal of the former, Artaxerxes sprang from the illegitimate commerce of a tanner's wife with a common soldier. The latter represent him as descended from a branch of the ancient kings of Persia, though time and misfortune had gradually reduced his ancestors to the humble station of private citizens. ... But these pompous titles, instead of gratifying the vanity of the Persian, served only to admonish him of his duty, and to ...

One of these, Erdaviraph, a young but holy prelate, received from the hands of his brethren three cups of soporiferous wine. He drank them off, and instantly fell into a long and profound sleep. As soon as he waked, he related to the king and to the believing multitude his journey to Heaven, and his intimate conferences with the Deity. Every doubt was silenced by this supernatural evidence; and the articles of the faith of Zoroaster were fixed with equal authority and precision. A short delineation of that celebrated system will be found useful, not only to display the character of the Persian nation, but to illustrate many of their most important transactions, both in peace and war, with the Roman empire.

Every mode of religion, to make a deep and lasting impression on the human mind, must exercise our obedience, by enjoining practices of devotion; and must acquire our esteem, by inculcating moral duties analogous to the dictates of our own hearts. The religion of Zoroaster was abundantly provided with the former, and possessed a sufficient portion of the latter. At the age of puberty, the faithful Persian was invested with a mysterious girdle, the badge of the divine protection, and from that moment all the actions of his life, even the most indifferent, or the most necessary, were sanctified by their peculiar prayers, ejaculations, or genuflections; the omission of which, under any circumstances, was a grievous sin, not inferior in guilt to the violation of the moral duties. The moral dut...

But there are some remarkable instances, in which Zoroaster lays aside the prophet, assumes the legislator, and discovers a liberal concern for private and public happiness, seldom to be found among the grovelling or visionary schemes of superstition. Fasting and celibacy, the common means of purchasing the Divine favour, he condemns with abhorrence, as a criminal rejection of the best gifts of Providence. The saint, in the Magian religion, is obliged to beget children, to plant useful trees, to destroy noxious animals, to convey water to the dry lands of Persia, and to work out his salvation by pursuing all the labours of agriculture.

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《罗马帝国衰亡史》这部书以堂皇宏阔的篇幅，从奥古斯都立为皇帝，将罗马共和国变为罗马帝国写起，直到东罗马帝国灭亡以后，还写了罗马的政变，到教皇重新罗马。延续近乎500年，包括了基督教和教如何兴起，以及罗马帝国周边国家对罗马的影响，有、阿拉伯、、保加利亚、、蒙古等国家的简短历史，甚至还提到了长城和汉武帝对匈奴的战争以及北匈奴的西迁，忽必烈的舰队对日本不成功的入侵。在近400万的洋洋文字中，勾勒罗马帝国衰亡的历史。千年的变幻风云，无不尽收笔下。整部著作气势恢弘，至今200余年，纵然累西方史学界著作繁如恒河之沙，亦无一本可出其右，是一部堪称巨著的作品。